Sanskrit Glossary of Vedantic Terms

Name: Timeless Wisdom of Bhagavad Gita: A Complete Course in Non-Duality
Start: 2025-02-16T13:30:00+11:00
End: 2025-02-16T15:00:00+11:00

Definitions found on this page are from book “A Spiritual Journey” by Sneh Lata Chakraburtty. First influenced by Yoga world, and later discovered Advaita Vedanta via Swami Chinmayananda.

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Aabhaasa (ābhāsa): Reflection
Aabhaasam (ābhāsam): Effect
Aabhaasavaada (ābhāsavāda): Doctrine holding that creation is reflection of Reality
Aabhaati (ābhāti): Shines or illumines
Aachaara (ācāra): Right conduct, conduct or practice
Aadarsha (ādarśa): Ideal
Aadesha (ādeśa): Divine command from within
Aadhaara (ādhāra): Support and basis
Aadhibhautika (ādhibhautika): Elemental
Aadhidaivika (ādhidaivika): Pertaining to the heaven
Aadhyatmika (ādhyātmika): Pertaining to the Jiva (sentient being)
Aaditya (āditya): Sun – a class of celestial beings
Aagama (āgama): The Veda as proof
Aahara (āhāra): Food as an object of senses
Aahuti (āhuti): Oblation offered in fire sacrifice
Aajna-chakra (ājñā-cakra): Seat of the mind in the sixth lotus of the yogis behind the eyebrows
Aakaanksha (ākāṅkṣā): Desire all round
Aakasha (ākāśa): Ether
Aalochana (ālocana): Deep thinking or reflection
Aananda (ānanda): Bliss
Aanandamaya-kosha (ānandamaya-kośa): Karana-sharira or blissful sheath or seed body which contains all potentialities
Aaradhana (ārādhana): Respectable worship
Aasana (āsana): Posture or seat
Aashrama (āśrama): Hermitage or order of life of which there are four, namely., Brahmacharya or studentship, Grahastha or household-life, Vaanaprasta or forest-dwelling, and Sanyaasa or monastic life
Aatma (ātma): The Self
Atma-bhava (ātma-bhāva): Recognition that all is the Self
Atma-bodha (ātma-bodha): Knowledge of the Self
Atma-drishti (ātma-dṛṣṭi): Vision of seeing everything as the Self
Atma-nishta (ātma-niṣṭhā): Established in the Self
Aavarana (āvaraṇa): Veil of ignorance
Aavarana-shakti (āvaraṇa-śakti): Veiling power of maya
Abhava (abhāva): Apparent absence indicating the presence of underlying Brahman (Reality).
Abhavana (abhāvana): Non-thought
Abheda (abheda): Non-difference
Abheda-bhava (abheda-bhāva): Direct understanding of self as non-separate from everything else.
Abheda-bhakti (abheda-bhakti): Highest devotion culminating in one-ness
Abheda-buddhi (abheda-buddhi): Intellect that beholds unity
Abheda-chaitanya (abheda-caitanya): Constant thought of identity of self with Brahman
Abheda-jnana (abheda-jñāna): Knowledge of identity of individual with Absolute
Abhaya (abhaya): Freedom from fear
Abhinivesha (abhiniveśa): Instinctive clinging to life
Abhiman (abhimāna): Egoism
Abhivyakta (abhivyākta): Manifested
Abhyaasa (abhyāsa): Constant practice
Achala (acala): Immovable
Achintya (acintya): Unthinkable
Achetana (acetana): Unconscious
Achintya shakti (acintya śakti): Inscrutable power
Achyuta (acyuta): Unchanging or indestructible
Aadhaara (ādhāra): Support
Adi Shankara: Philosopher who lived 1500 years ago
Adi Shesha: Primeval serpent who supports the world on its head
Adharma (adharma): Contrary to right
Adbhuta (adbhuta): Wonderful
Adhibhuta (ādhibhūta): Elemental forms of matter
Advaila (advaita): Monism or non-duality
Ahamkaara (ahaṃkāra): Ego the “Me” and “I”
Adhimatra (adhimātra): Degree of vairagya from sources of pain
Adhisthana (adhiṣṭhāna): Background or underlying essence or substratum
Adhyatma shastra (adhyātma śāstra): Spiritual science
Adrshta (adṛṣṭa): Unseen principle
Adrishtam (adṛṣṭam): Unperceived
Adryshya (adṛśya): That which cannot be perceived
Ahimsaa (ahiṃsā): Non-violence
Ahuti (āhuti): Offering an oblation at a solemn rite (usually into fire)
Ajnaa chakra (ājñā cakra): Seat of command and will between the eyebrows
Agni (agni): Fire
Aghaada (aghāda): Unfathomable
Agandha (agandha): Odorless
Agati (agati): Stability
Aguna (aguṇa): Without quality
Aham (ahaṃ): I or ego
Aham atma (ahaṃ ātmā): I am atma
Aham brahma-asmi (ahaṃ brahmāsmi): I am God or Brahman
Aham etat na (ahaṃ etat na): I am not this
Aham-eva sarvah (ahaṃ-eva sarvaḥ): I alone am all
Aham Idam (ahaṃ idam): I [and] this
Ahakara (ahaṃkāra): Ego or self-conceit or self-arrogating principle of ‘I airiness’; three types: Rajasic : Dynamic egoism with passion and pride Sattvic: Egoism within sense of goodness and virtue Tamasic: Egoism expressed in ignorance and inertia
Aham-karta (ahaṃ-kartā): I am the doer
Aham-vritti (ahaṃ-vṛtti): Self-arrogating thought
Ahimsa (ahiṃsā): Non-injury in thought, word, or deed
Aishvarya (aiśvarya): Spiritual wealth
Ajaha-lakshana (ajāha-lakṣaṇā): Amplified or added meaning
Ajapa-gayatri (ajapā-gāyatrī): Ham soham mantra
Ajati vada (ajāti vāda): Theory of non-evolution
Aja (aja): Unborn
Ajnana (ajñāna): Ignorance
Akaara (akāra): First letter fundamental to sound or first letter of alphabet
Akarma (akarma): Inaction
Akarta (akartā): Non-doer
Akaasha (ākāśa): Fifth element or sky or space
Akhanda (akhaṇḍa): Continuous or Indivisible
Akhanda-kara (akhaṇḍa-kāra): Of indivisible nature
Akhanda-ananda (akhaṇḍa-ānanda): Unbroken bliss
Akhanda-brahmacharya (akhaṇḍa-brahmacarya): Unbroken celibacy
Akhanda-mauna (akhaṇḍa-mauna): Unbroken silence
Akhanda-samadhi (akhaṇḍa-samādhi): Unbroken meditation in oneness
Akshaya (akṣaya): Undecaying or everlasting
Alakshana (alakṣaṇa): Without distinctive marks
Alinga (aliṅga): Without mark
Amalam (amalam): Free of impurities of Maya
Amara (amara): Immortal or deathless
Ainatra (ainatra): Having no sign
Amrita (amṛta): Nectar
Anabhidya (anābhidhyā): Non-coveting of other’s goods; not brooding over injuries received from others
Anaadi (anādi): Beginningless
Anaadi-kaala (anādi-kāla): Eternity or beginningless time
Anaahata chakra (anāhata cakra): Heart plexus or fourth lotus of the yogis where mystic sounds are heard opposite the heart
Anandamaya kosha (ānandamaya-kośa): Sheath of joy enveloping the self (atman).
Anna (anna): Food
Annamaya kosha (annamaya-kośa): Gross and outermost food sheath enveloping the self.
Antahkarana (antaḥkaraṇa): Seat of thought or conscience
Ananla (ananta): Infinite & endless
Antara (antara): Internal
Antara-dhvani (antara-dhvani): Internal mystical sound heard by mystics
Ananta-drishti (ananta-dṛṣṭi): Unlimited vision
Ananyata (ananyatā): Single-pointed
Aneka (aneka): Not one but many
Anga (aṅga): Step or a limb
Antara kumbhaka (antara kumbhaka): Suspension of breath after full inspiration
Antaratma (antarātman): Innermost spirit in beings
Ap (ap): Water
Apaana (apāna): Lower abdominal control of bodily excretions
Arjuna (arjuna): Mighty bowman of the Pandava princes
Artha (artha): Wealth as one of man’s pursuits
Anima (aṇimā): Subtlety or reducing mass and density at will
Anitya (anitya): Impermanent
Anistha (aniṣṭa): Not Lord but subjected to or impotent
Annam (annam): Matter or food
Annamaya-kosha (annamaya-kośa): Food sheath or gross physical body
Anugraha (anugraha): Grace
Anukampaa (anukampā): Sympathy
Anumana (anumāna): Inference as a means of proof of knowledge
Anupalabdhi (anupalabdhi): One of eight proofs of knowledge of the existence of non-existence
Anuparinaana (anuparināṇa): Atomic in size
Anuraaga (anurāga): Intense love for God
Anusandhaana (anusandhāna): Investigation into nature of Brahman
Anushaya (anuśaya): Residue of karma which forces the jiva to take a rebirth
Anusmarana (anusmaraṇa): Constant remembrance of Brahman
Anutva (aṇutva): Smallness or subtlety
Anyal (anya): Another
Anyatha (anyathā): Separateness or state of being otherwise
Anonya (anyonya): Mutual
Anonya-abhaava (anyonya-abhāva): Mutual non-existence
Anonya-adhyasa (anyonya-adhyāsa): Mutual superimposition
Apah (ap): Water
Apamaana (apamāna): Disrespect or disgrace
Apaana (apāna): Nerve current which governs abdominal region which has its center in the anus
Aparaa (aparā): Other or relative
Aparaadha (aparādha): Fault or mistake
Apara-prakriti (aparā-prakṛti): 5 elements from which time-space and all objects are made of, and mind, intellect, ego.
Apara-vidya (aparā-vidyā): Intellectual knowledge or lower knowledge of the vedas
Aparigraha (aparigraha): Freedom from covetousness or non-receiving of gifts connective of luxury: one of the primary disciplines of yama
Aparinaami (apariṇāmi): Changeless
Aparokshaanu-bhava (aparokṣānubhava): Essence of intuitive perception and direct realization
Apavaada (apavāda): Exception; negation; rejection; refuting a wrong belief: as rope believed to be snake or superimposing the real elements with a view of names and forms
Apavaada-yukti (apavāda-yukti): Using logic in apavaada
Apavarga (apavarga): Liberation or moksha or final emancipation from bondage of embodiment Other three being dharma, artha, and kama
Aprameya (aprameya): Immeasurable
Apraana (aprāṇa): Without prana or life-force
Apunya (apuṇya): Non-meritorious or sinful
Apuma (apūrṇa): Imperfect or incomplete
Apurva (apūrva): Unseen; the hidden power of karma which brings fruits in the future
Archana (arcana): Offerings of flowers at times of puja or worship
Archiraadi-marga (arcirādi-mārga): Northern path taken by the jiva after death through which yogis depart in uttarayana into the world of Brahman
Ardhaangini (ardhāṅginī): Partner in life
Arghya (arghya): water offering
Artha (artha): Object of desire or wealth
Arupa (arūpa): Formless
Asana (āsana): Posture; third stage of Yoga
Asal (asat): Unreal
Asmita (asmitā): Ego
Asthi (asthi): Bone
Ashabdam (aśabdam): Without sound while referring to Brahman
Asad-aavarana (asat-āvaraṇa): Shakti which screens the existence of Brahman which is removed by aparoksha gyana
Asambhavana (asaṃbhāvanā): Spiritual doubt
Asanga (asaṅga): Non-attachment
Asanga-bhavana (asaṅga-bhāvanā): attitude of the mind of non-attachment
Ashanti (aśānti): Absence of peace of mind
Asat (asat): That which is not or non-being or existence of reality
Asiddha (asiddha): Not perfected
Asmat (asmāt): Pertaining to me or us
Asmi (asmi): I am or I exist
Asmita (asmitā): Egoism or I-ness
Asmriti (asmṛti): Forgetfulness
Asparsha (asparśa): Touchless or name of Brahman
Ashtanga (aṣṭākṣara): Yoga Mantra with eight letters: Aum Namo Narayana
Ashtanga Yoga (aṣṭāṅga yoga): Raja Yoga of Patanjali: Yoga with eight limbs
Astetya (asteya): Non-stealing or one of the five items of yama in ashtanaga-yoga
Asthi (asthi): Bone
Asthira (asthira): Wavering or unsteady
Asthula (asthūla): Without grossness
Ashubha (aśubha): Inauspicious
Ashudha (aśuddha): Not pure
Ashudha (aśuddha): Maya Maya preponderating with rajas
Ashudha sankalpa (aśuddha saṅkalpa): Impure resolve
Asura (asura): Evil tendency in man
Asuya (asūyā): Envy
Ashvata-vrksha (aśvattha-vṛkṣa): Sacred peepul tree
Atarkya (atarkya): That which cannot be reasoned out
Atigraha (atigraha): Object of sense
Atindriya (atīndriya): Beyond reach of the senses
Atithi (atithi): Guest
Atyanta (atyanta): Too much or to the extreme
Avadhuta (avadhūta): Ascetic who has renounced the world
Alma: Supreme Self.
Atharva veda: Deals with magical formulae, tantras and esoteric knowledge
Aum: Like the Latin “Omne” of omniscience
Avastha (avasthā): Condition of mind
Avidya (avidyā): Ignorance
Avidya-nivrtli (avidyā-nivṛtti): Removal of Ignorance or moksha
Avikari (avikāri): Immutable Brahman
Avinashi (avināśi): Indestructible
Avirodha (avirodha): Without contradiction
Avyakta (avyakta): Unmanifest or indivisible when the three gunas are in a state of equilibrium
Avyakta-drshti (avyakta-dṛṣṭi): View from standpoint of the Infinite Whole
Avyaapti (avyāpti): Exclusion of part of a thing defined
Avyaya (avyaya): Unchangeable or undiminishing
Ayama (āyāma): Restraint
Ayurveda (āyurveda): Science of Health
Ayukta (ayukta): He who has no concentration

Baahya (bāhya): External
Baahya kumbhaka (bāhya kumbhaka): Pause at end of expiration
Bandha (bandha): To close
Bhaagatyaaga-lakshana (bhāgattyāga-lakṣaṇā): Expression to define Upanishadic Statements that if the literal appearance is removed, the identity is revealed
Bhagavad Gita: Song of the Divine
Bhagavan: God. Ishvara. Lord Narayana or Vishnu.
Bhaagvata (bhāgavata): Adorer of Bhagavan
Bhagvatam (bhāgavatam): Puranic scriptural text about Vishnu
Bhakti (bhakti): Worship in adoration
Bhautika (bhautikā): Material or elemental or composed of physical matter
Bhaavana (bhāvanā): Feeling of devotion and unity
Bhaava (bhāva): Attitude expressing relationship with God
Bhaya (bhaya): Fear
Bheda (bheda): Difference or splitting
Bhoga (bhoga): Worldly pleasures
Bhiksha (bhikṣā): Alms
Bhikshu (bhikṣu): Monk
Bhokta (bhoktā): Subjective experience of enjoyment
Bhram (bhrama): Delusion or illusion
Bhrashta (bhraṣṭa): Fallen from the way of yoga
Bhrumadhya-drishti (bhrūmadhya-dṛṣṭi): Gaze at the space between eyebrows
Bhraanti (bhrānti): Erroneous knowledge or vision
Bhrumadhya (bhrūmadhya): Gaze in between eyebrows
Bhuh (bhūḥ): Earthplane: the first of three worlds
Bhuvah (bhuvaḥ): Ether: the second of three worlds
Bij (bīja): Seed
Brahma-muhurta (brahma-muhūrta): Ninety minutes before sunrise
Bija mantra (bīja mantra): Mystic syllable uttered mentally in meditation
Brahma: Creator of the Trinity
Brahmacharya (brahmacarya): Self-restraint; also celibacy
Brahman: Consciousness, Awareness.
Brahmanadi (brahmanāḍī): Main channel of sushumna going towards Spirit
Buddhi (buddhi): Intellect or judgment

Chaitanya (caitanya): Consciousness or Awareness.
Chhanda (chanda): Neurotransmitters and neuro-hormones that form a feedback system with the centers of awareness and consciousness within the brain and the spinal cord
Chakra (cakra): Wheel or plexus; seat of psychic energy in the human body. Energy or prana flows through body through three channels Sushumna or spinal cord; Ida or parasympathetic moves up towards left nostril; Pingala or sympathetic moves up towards right nostril; These three nadis intersect at various chakras to regulate the body mechanisms.
Chakshu (cakṣu): Eye
Chit (cit): Consciousness
Chitta (citta): Awareness or a Sense of feeling through the mind, intellect and ego collectively
Chaturyuga (caturyuga): Four ages ol the Hindu world-cycle: satya, treta, dvapara, and kali
Cheshta (ceṣṭā): Effort or endeavor
Chala (cala): Quibble
Chidabhasa-chaitanya (cidābhāsa-caitanya): Reflected consciousness/awareness. As-though confined consciousness.
Chidakasha (cidākāśa): Brahman in Its aspect as limitless knowledge and intelligence
Chinmaya (cinmaya): Reveling in Consciousness as Consciousness.
Chintana (cintana): Reflecting
Chit (cit): Consciousness / Universal Intelligence
Chitta (citta): Mind-stuff' or subconscious mind, or memory.
Chitta-vidya (citta-vidyā): Psychology
Chittavi-mukti (cittavimukti): Freedom from bondage of the mind

Daitya (daitya): Mighty beings with diabolic qualities; demons of Puranas
Darshana (darśana): A vision or discernment
Daiva (daiva): Lord who control all beings and gives them their due fate, destiny, justice, or controlling powers
Daivavani (daivavāṇī): Heavenly voice
Daivi (daivī): Divya or divine
Daivisampat (daivī-sampat): Divine wealth or qualities
Daksha (dakṣa): Expert or wise and intelligent
Dama (dama): Control of outer senses or one of six-fold virtues of Niyama of Raja Yoga of Patanjali
Danda (daṇḍa): Staff of a mendicant
Daana (dāna): Charity or giving
Darpa (darpa): Arrogance
Darshana (darśana): Insight
Dayaa (dayā): Mercy or compassion
Deha (deha): Physical body
Deha-adhyaasa (deha-adhyāsa): False identification of the body
Deha-shuddhi (deha-śuddhi): Purity or purification of the body
Deha-vidya (deha-vidyā): Physiology
Dehi (dehī): One conscious of being an embodied self
Devaloka (devaloka): World of the celestials or higher subtler worlds
Devata (devatā): Deity who receives worship and gives them what they desire
Devayaana (devayāna): Path of the gods after the jiva leaves the body
Dhairya (dhairya): Boldness or courage
Dhana (dhana): Wealth
Dhaaraa (dhārā): Stream or continuous repetition
Dhaarana (dhāraṇā): Concentration with complete attention before dhyana and samadhi
Dharma (dharma): Moral merit or virtue of a thing or righteous way of living as enjoined by scriptures; characteristic or virtue
Dharma-megha-samadhi (dharma-megha-samādhi): Cloud of virtue; state of superconsciousness or samadhi; immortality through knowledge of Brahman when all vasanas are destroyed
Dharma-parishat (dharma-pariṣat): Assembly of the wise
Dharmi (dharmī): Substratum of dharma
Dhatu (dhātu): Metal or element; conservation of life-force through celibacy and development of Ojas and Tejas
Dhira (dhīra): Steadfast
Dhriti (dhṛti): Patience -spiritual
Dhyana (dhyāna): Meditation
Dhvani (dhvani): Tone or sound; the subtle vital shakti in Jiva as vibration
Doshaa (doṣa): Fault
Dukha (duḥkha): Sorrow
Dvesha (dveṣa): Dislike
Dhyana (dhyāna): Meditation and contemplation
Dhyeya (dhyeya): Object of meditation or purpose of meditation
Diksha (dīkṣā): Initiation or consecration
Dina (dīna): Humble or helpless
Dina-bandhu (dīna-bandhu): Friend of the poor
Dinacharya (dinacaryā): Daily conduct or activity
Dishtam (diṣṭam): Unseen power in karma that links up the act with the fruit; destiny or fate
Divya (divya): Divine or heavenly; sacred or luminous or supernatural
Divya-chakshu (divya-cakṣu): Divine eye
Divya-drishti (divya-dṛṣṭi): Divine vision
Divya-gandha (divya-gandha): Superphysical scent or smell
Dosha (doṣa): Shortcoming or defect
Drdha (dṛḍha): Unshaken or firm
Drk (dṛk): Perceiver
Droha (droha): Treachery
Drshta (dṛṣṭa): Visible
Drshya (dṛśya): Perceived
Dvaanda-shaanta (dvandva-śānta): Twelfth center or the pituitary center (Six centres within the brain and six below the brain)
Dvaita-advaita-vivarjita (dvaita-advaita-vivarjita): Beyond monism and dualism
Dvaita-bhaava (dvaita-bhāva): Feeling of duality
Dvandvataa (dvandvatā): State of duality
Dvayam (dvayam): Two or a pair
Dvesha (dveṣa): Repulsion or hatred or dislike
Dvija (dvija): Twice born in baptism

Eka (eka): One
Ekadashi (ekādaśī): Eleventh day of the lunar fortnight
Ekaagrata (ekāgratā): One-pointedness
Ekam-eva-advitiyam (ekam-eva-advitīyam): One alone without second / Brahman
Ekaanta (ekānta): Solitude
Ekanta-bhava (ekānta-bhāva): Feeling of solitariness
Ekataa (ekatā): Oneness or absoluteness
Ekatva (ekatva): Unity or oneness
Evam (evam): Thus or so; in this manner

Gagana (gagana): Sky
Gambhira (gambhīra): Deep and dignified or grave
Gambhirya (gambhīrya): Gravity of demeanor
Ganapati (gaṇapati): Ganesh of Cosmic Intelligence; deity of Hindus
Gandha (gandha): Smell
Garbha (garbha): Womb
Gayatri (gāyatrī): Mother of Vedas; also a vedic hymn
Garva (garva): Pride or arrogance
Gita (gīta): Song
Gotra (gotra): Family lineage
Gu (gu): First syllable of “guru”; darkness
Guda (guda): Anus
Guha (guha): Cave
Guhya (guhya): Secret or genital
Guna (guṇa): Quality or dispositions born of Nature or Prakriti Sattva or good, pious, noble, calm, and tranquil Rajas or passionate, agitated, authoritative, and assertive.
Gunatita (guṇātīta): Beyond the three gunas
Guru (guru): Remover of darkness or spiritual preceptor
Guru-krpaa (guru-kṛpā): Guru’s grace
Guru-mantra (guru-mantra): Guru given mantra at initiation

Hamsa-mantra (haṃsa-mantra): Automatic and involuntary utterance of hamsa-soham with every act of inspiration and expiration
Ham’saa (haṃsā): “I am He” used in pranayama
Hanuman (hanumān): Powerful deity of Hindus; son of the wind-god; devotee of Rama; famous monkey who helped Rama fight with Ravana
Hari (hari): Narayana or Krishna who destroys evil
Hatta yoga (haṭha yoga): Self-realization through physical discipline
Hetu (hetu): Cause or reason
Himsaa (hiṃsā): Injury
Hiranyagarbha (hiraṇyagarbha): Cosmic Intelligence; Ganesh
Hrdayam (hṛdayam): The heart of a being
Hrdaya-granthi (hṛdaya-granthi): Knot of the heart of avidya, kaama, and karma
Hri (hrī): Modesty

Icchaa (icchā): Desire
Ida (iḍā): Psychic cooling nerve-current flowing through left nostril
Idam (idam): This here
Indra (indra): Lord of the senses, chief of the celestials
Indriya (indriya): Senses of perception and sense organ; external karma-indriyas or organs of action; or internal gyana-indriyas for cognition, knowledge or perception
Ishta (iṣṭa): Object of desire
Ishtadevata (iṣṭadevatā): Chosen deity
Ishvara (īśvara): Cause of Universe / God, Lord.
Itihaasas (itihāsa): Historical anecdotes centering around life and deeds of heroes as in the Ramayana and Mahabharata

Jada (jaḍa): Insentient
Jagad-guru (jagad-guru): World preceptor
Jagat (jagat): World; changing
Jagrat (jāgrat): Waking condition
Janma (janma): Coming into being or birth
Japa (japa): Prayer
Japamala (japamālā): Rosary
Jaati (jāti): Specie
Jaya (jaya): Conquest
Jiva (jīva): Individual
Jivan-mukta (jīvan-mukta): Liberated in this life
Jiva-atina (jīva-ātman): Individual self.
Jnaana (jñāna): Knowledge or wisdom of Reality
Jyestha (jyeṣṭha): Eldest or best
Jyoti (jyoti): Illumination or effulgence

Kaivalya (kaivalya): Transcendental state; moksha; final beatitude
Kaala (kāla): Time
Kaala-chakra (kāla-cakra): Wheel of time
Kaali (kālī): Black
Kali-yuga (kali-yuga): Age of Kali
Kalpa (kalpa): A day of Brahma the Creator or code of rituals
Kalpana (kalpanā): Imagination or Creation
Kaama (kāma): Lust, passion or desire
Kaamya-karma (kāmya-karma): Action with desire for fruit of action
Kaanda (kāṇḍa): Root source
Kantha (kaṇṭha): Throat or neck
Kapha (kapha): Phlegm: one of three humours or doshas in Ayurveda
Karana (kāraṇa): Cause or the unmanifested potential; cosmic energy in a potential condition
Kapaala (kapāla): Skull
Kapaala-bhaati (kapāla-bhāti): Clearing the sinuses or Kriya yoga
Karma (karma): Action. Action is of three kinds. (a) Sanchita accumulated actions of all previous births (b) Praarabha or portion to be worked in this life (c) Agaami or current karma being freshly performed; Law of Karma or cause and effect binding the jiva to the wheel of birth and death
Karma doctrine: Law of Justice of cause and effect Is intertwined with the Doctrine of Reincarnation
Karma-bandha (karma-bandha): Bondage caused by karma
Karma-bhumi (karma-bhūmi): Land of action on earth-plane
Karmakanda (karma-kāṇḍa): Section of vedas dwelling on rituals in the samhitas and Brahmanaas of the Vedas
Karma-para (karma-para): Dependent on karma
Karma-phala (karma-phala): Fruit of action
Karma-shaya (karma-śaya): Aggregate of works done
Karma-vaada (karma-vāda): Doctrine of karma upholding that each deed [good or bad] is inevitably followed by pain or pleasure
Karma-yoga (karma-yoga): Yoga of selfless action
Karmendriya (karmendriya): Organs of action: tongue, hands, feet, genital, and anus
Kaarya (kārya): The physical body in contrast to causal body, the karana
Kaarya-brahma (kārya-brahma): Hiraṇyagarbha or the cosmic subtle body. Associated with the creation and governance of the universe
Kathaa (kathā): Narrative tale
Kaaya (kāya): Physical body
Kendra (kendra): Heart center
Kevala (kevala): Independent Absolute
Khyaati (khyāti): Reputation; knowledge
Kirtana (kīrtana): Singing hymns of glory
Klesha (kleśa): Affliction
Kosha (kośa): Sheaths; five concentric sheaths starting at the center: bliss, intellect, mind, life-force, gross-body
Krama (krama): Rules of rituals
Kratu (kratu): Sacrifice or yagna
Kriya (kriyā): Physical action; Cleansing rite in haṭha yoga
Kriya-advaita (kriyā-advaita): Oneness in action
Kriyaa-nivrtti (kriyā-nivṛtti): Relief from action
Kriya-yoga (kriyā-yoga): Yoga of action of self-purification
Krodha (krodha): Anger
Krishna (kṛṣṇa): Lord of all Yogas
Kshama (kṣamā): Forgiveness
Kshana (kṣaṇa): Moment
Kshara (kṣara): World
Kshaya (kṣaya): Annihilation
Kshetra (kṣetra): Holy place; field; the physical body from a philosophical sense
Kshetrajna (kṣetrajña): Supreme Self, Brahman.
Kshina (kṣīṇa): Powerless
Kula-dharma (kula-dharma): Particular duty pertaining to the family
Kumbha (kumbha): Chalice
Kumbhaka (kumbhaka): Intervals between inspiration and expiration; retention and suspension of breath
Kundalini (kuṇḍalinī): Coil of Primordial Energy lying dormant in the lowest Chakra; Making three and a half coils, it is said to lie dormant “like a coiled serpent” with the head towards the muladhara chakra. It is another term for Life-force roused with spiritual efforts. It rises up the sushumna and into the brahmanadi towards the sahasrahara
Kusha (kuśa): Grass used in rites
Kutastha (kūṭastha): Changeless Absolute found in all creatures from the Creator to the ant Who ‘shines’ and dwells as witness to the intellect of all creatures
Kutastha-chaitanya (kūṭastha-caitanya): Individual Consciousness free of all egoism; Universal Intelligence; Krishna or Christ Center

Laghimaa (laghimā): Lightness; one of eight siddhis of Yoga practice
Lajjaa (lajjā): Shame or shyness
Lakshya (lakṣya): Target
Laukika (laukika): Worldly
Laya (laya): Dissolution
Laya-yoga (laya-yoga): Absorption of individual self (ego) into Supreme self
Lilaa (līlā): Cosmos looked upon as a divine play
Lina (līna): Merged
Linga (liṅga): Symbol
Linga-deha (liṅga-deha): Astral body
Linga-sharira (liṅga-śarīra): Psychic body that becomes active during dream state; intellect, emotion and life-force constitute this body
Linga-atman (liṅga-ātman): The subtle self
Lobha (lobha): Greed
Loka (loka): World of names and forms

Mada (mada): Pride
Madhura (madhura): Emotion between lover [devotee] and beloved [God]
Maha-bhuta (mahā-bhūta): Primordial element
Mahad-brahma (mahad-brahma): Hiranyagarbha; Cosmic Intelligence; Ganesh
Maha-pralaya (mahā-pralaya): The great deluge with destruction of the world at the end of a Cosmic Cycle or Yuga
Maha-rishi (mahā-ṛṣi): Great sage
Mahat (mahat): Cosmic Intelligence in a Seed form; first product of prakriti according to Sankhyan Philosophy, Intellect
Mahavakya (mahāvākya): Great Sentences: (a) Prajñānaṃ brahma: Consciousness is Brahman, (b) Ahaṃ brahmāsmi: I am Brahman, (c) Tat tvam asi: That Thou Art, (d) Ayam ātmā brahma: This self is Brahman
Maheshvara (maheśvara): Shiva
Mahimaa (mahimā): Glory
Maitri (maitrī): Friendliness
Makara (makara): Mystic ‘m’: the third letter that concludes Aum
Majja (majjā): Marrow
Maala (mala): Impurity of the mind
Maalaa (mālā): Rosary
Mama-kara (mama-kāra): Thought ‘this is mine’
Mamataa (mamatā): Mine-ness
Maana (māna): Respect
Manana (manana): Constant reflection
Manas (manas): Mind
Manda (manda): Dull or thick
Manipura-chakra (maṇipūra-cakra): Third yogic center in the navel region
Mantra (mantra): Sacred syllable or words which through repetition one attains perfection
Mantra-shakti (mantra-śakti): Potency of any mantra
Mantra-siddhi (mantra-siddhi): Mastery over devata of a mantra for grace whenever invoked
Marga (mārga): Path
Mati (mati): Thought directed towards revealing knowledge
Matsarya (mātsarya): Jealousy
Mamsa (māṃsa): Flesh
Mahabharata (mahābhārata): Voluminous epic classified as Itihasa; composed by Valmiki in 24,000 stanzas 98 times the size of Odessey
Medas (medas): Fat
Meru-danda (meru-daṇḍa): Spinal column
Mimaamsa (mīmāṃsā): Logical inquiry into Vedic Knowledge
Mithyaa (mithyā): False
Moha (moha): Infatuation or delusion
Moksha (mokṣa): Liberation
Mrtyu (mṛtyu): Death or Lord Yama
Mrtyun-jaya (mṛtyuñjaya): Conqueror of death
Mudra (mudrā): Sealing posture
Muhurtam (muhūrta): Auspicious moment; a period of 48 minutes
Mukhya (mukhya): Primary or chief
Mukhya-vritti (mukhya-vṛtti): Power of words
Mukti (mukti): Liberation
Mula (mūla): Root
Muladhara chakra (mūlādhāra cakra): Nerve plexus situated above the anus
Mula-prakriti (mūla-prakṛti): Ultimate subtle cause of matter
Muni (muni): A sage
Murti (mūrti): Idol

Naada (nāda): Inner mystical sound
Nadi (nāḍī): Psychic channels through which energy flows
Naivedya (naivedya): Edible offering to deity at altar
Naama (nāma): Name
Narasimha (narasiṃha): Man-lion manifestation of Vishnu
Narayana (nārāyaṇa): Being that supports all beings or God
Neti (neti): Haṭha Yogic Kriya for cleansing nostrils
Neti-neti (neti-neti): ‘Not this-Not this’; Progressive analytical negation of names and forms in order to arrive at the eternal underlying Truth
Nidi-dhyaasana (nidi-dhyāsana): Meditation; Third step in Vedantic sadhana after hearing and reflection
Nidra (nidrā): Sleep or yoga-maya
Nirakaara (nirākāra): Formless
Niraa-lamba (nirālamba): Supportless
Niranjana (nirañjana): Spotless
Nirvana (nirvāṇa): Liberation from existence
Nirbhaya (nirbhaya): Fearless
Nirbija (nirbīja): Seedless
Nirguna (nirguṇa): Without attributes
Nirmala (nirmala): Without impurity
Nirvikalpa (nirvikalpa): Without modification of the mind
Nischaya (niścaya): Conviction
Nish-kaama (niṣkāma): Without desire
Nish-kriya (niṣkriya): Without action
Nitya (nitya): Eternal
Nitya-mukta (nitya-mukta): Eternally free
Nivrtti (nivṛtti): Renunciation
Niyama (niyama): Second step of observances in Raja Yoga; internal and external purification, contentment, mortification, study, and worship
Nyaya (nyāya): Logic

Ojas (ojas): Physical essence or spiritual energy and vitality developed through the creative power of celibacy
Om (om): Pranava or sacred syllable symbolizing Brahman. Om is the primordial sound symbol representing Brahman, encompassing all existence (past, present, future), serving as the ideal name for Īśvara, composed of “a” (अ), “u” (उ), and “m” (म्) representing the gross, subtle, and causal aspects of creation respectively, used in Vedic chants and meditations, symbolizing the totality of all words and objects, and considered the essence of the Vedas.
Om-tat-sat (om-tat-sat): Benediction of divine blessing when invoked

Pada (pāda): Foot or one quarter
Padartha (padārtha): Substance or material
Padma (padma): Lotus
Padmasana (padmāsana): Lotus pose or sitting cross-legged
Padya (padya): One of 16 modes of formal worship: water for washing feet of deity
Pancha (pañca): Five
Pancha-akshara (pañcākṣara): Lord Shiva’s mantra of five letters: [Om] Na-mah-shi-vaa-ya
Pancha-kosha (pañca-kośa): Five sheaths of ignorance enveloping the Self
Panchi-karana (pañcī-karaṇa): Quintuplation of 5 elements in the universe to form gross units of names and forms in the physical universe
Pandita (paṇḍita): Scholar
Papa (pāpa): Sin
Para (parā): Supreme
Parama (parama): Highest
Paramatma (paramātman): Supreme Spirit
Parameshvara (parameśvara): Supreme Lord
Paraprakriti (parā-prakṛti): Consciousness. Brahman.
Parpuma (paripūrṇa): Self-contained
Paroksha (parokṣa): Indirect
Parvati (pārvatī): Incarnation of Cosmic Mother; Shiva’s consort
Pashu (paśu): Cattle
Pashupati (paśupati): Shiva as Lord of individuals
Pashyanti (paśyantī): Second subtle state of sound manifesting as physical sound
Patanjali (patañjali): Propounder of the Yoga Philosophy and author of The Yoga Sutras
Pavana (pavana): Wind-god
Phala (phala): Fruit or effect
Pingala nadi (piṅgalā nāḍī): Sympathetic channel starting in the right nostril; ascends to the ajnaa of the brain and then descends towards the base of the spine
Pippala (pippala): Holy fig tree
Pitr (pitṛ): Departed ancestor
Pitrloka (pitṛloka): Heaven occupied by divine hierarchy of ancestors
Pitryana (pitṛyāṇa): Path taken by jivas who have done meritorious works; they ascend to the region of the moon to enjoy fruits of their action in dhuma-marga or path of the smoke
Pitryagna (pitṛyajña): Oblations for gratifying departed ancestors
Prabhu (prabhu): Lord
Pradakshina (pradakṣiṇā): Circumambulation around holy site or person
Pradhana (pradhāna): Prakriti according to the sankhyan philosophy; the root base of all elements. Undifferentiated matter; material cause of world. Corresponds to Maya in Vedanta
Prajapati (prajāpati): Progenitor or Creator or Brahma
Pragnya (prajñā): Awareness
Pragnya-atma (prajñā-ātman): Intelligent self
Prakriti (prakṛti): Nature or Causal Matter
Pralaya (pralaya): Dissolution with the merging of the cosmos into the unseen cosmic energy
Pramana (pramāṇa): Proof or authority
Prameya (prameya): Object of proof or subject of inquiry
Prana (prāṇa): Breath or energy, or life force / Chi in Chinese
Pranamaya-kosha (prāṇamaya-kośa): Prana sheath enveloping the Self
Pranava (praṇava): Aum
Pranayama (prāṇāyāma): Regulation and restraint of breath; fourth limb of Ashtanga Yoga of Raja Yoga
Praapti (prāpti): One of eight major siddhis
Prarabdha (prārabdha): Karma that determines present life
Prasad (prasāda): Food dedicated to deity and shared with faithful devotees as grace
Pratima (pratimā): Image
Pratishta (pratiṣṭhā): Reputation or installation
Pratyahara (pratyāhāra): Withdrawal of mind from senses and organs of action; fifth limb of Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga
Prayojana (prayojana): Result
Prema (prema): Divine love
Premabhava (prema-bhāva): Feeling of love
Prerana (preraṇā): Urging or prompting
Priya (priya): Bliss derived from beloved object
Puja (pūjā): Worship
Punya (puṇya): Merit
Puraka (pūraka): Inhalation
Purna (pūrṇa): Full or complete
Purusha (puruṣa): Supreme Being lying in all hearts of all things; Universal psychic principle
Purusha-artha (puruṣārtha): Human effort: dharma, artha, kama, and moksha. Four aims of life: Ethics-Wealth-Desire-Liberation
Purushotama (puruṣottama): Lord of Universe
Pushan (pūṣan): Sun-god
Pushti (puṣṭi): Nourishment
Purana (purāṇa): Texts divided into 3 categories dealing with Creation destruction and renovation of worlds

Raaga (rāga): Attachments
Raga-dvesha (rāga-dveṣa): Attraction and repulsion; Likes and dislikes; love and hatred
Rajas (rajas): Passion; one of three aspects of or traits of cosmic energy; principle of dynamism in nature bringing about change; quality generates passion and restlessness
Raja yoga (rāja yoga): Ashtanga Yoga propounded by Patanjali; system of meditation
Rakta (rakta): Blood
Rasa (rasa): Taste
Ramayana (rāmāyaṇa): Smaller of 2 epics of India which mirror highest ideals of Hindu tradition, culture and civilization; is classified as Itihasa
Ratna (ratna): Jewel
Rechaka (recaka): Exhalation of breath
Rig veda (ṛg veda): Contains hymns of praise Oldest book known to man with the ultimate Knowledge
Rishi (ṛṣi): Sage
Ru (ru): Second symbol of “guru” or Light
Ruchi (ruci): Taste
Rudraksha (rudrākṣa): Eye of Shiva; Seeds of berries used for rosaries
Rupa (rūpa): Form

Sabda (śabda): Sound or word
Sat-chit-ananda (sat-cit-ānanda): Absolute existence-knowledge-bliss
Sad-darshana (ṣaḍ-darśana): Six systems of thought or six philosophies of the Hindus: (1) Nyaya, (2) Vaishesika, (3) Sankhya, (4) Yoga, (5) Mimamsa, and (6) Vedanta
Sadhaka (sādhaka): Seeker
Saadhana (sādhana): Quest or practice
Saadhu (sādhu): Pious person
Sadvichara (sad-vicāra): Right inquiry
Sadvikara (ṣaḍ-vikāra): Six bodily modifications: existence, birth, growth, change, decay and death
Saguna-brahma (saguṇa-brahma): Absolute conceived as mercy, omnipotence, as distinguished from undifferentiated Absolute
Sah (saḥ): He
Sahaja (sahaja): True or native
Sahasrahara (sahasrāra): Cerebral cavity of a thousand petals
Saakshi (sākṣī): Witness
Sakshi-bhava (sākṣī-bhāva): Remaining as a witness
Shakti (śakti): Power or energy
Shaiva (śaiva): Pertaining to Shiva
Sama veda (sāma veda): Most voluminous of 4 vedas. Pure liturgical collection of Chants and melodies
Samaadhi (samādhi): bsorption in Vedāntic thought,
Samadrishti (sama-dṛṣṭi): Equal vision / Placing the mind strongly / That which can be grasped only by an unpreoccupied mind.
Samasti (samasti): Integrated entity
Samhita (saṃhitā): Collection of hymns and formulae from vedas
Sampat (sampat): Perfection; virtue
Samsara (saṃsāra): Life through repeated births and deaths
Samsari (saṃsārī): Transmigrating jiva
Samkalpa (saṃkalpa): Mental resolve
Samskara (saṃskāra): Impression; prenatal tendency
Sam-vritti (saṃvṛtti): Relative truth
Samyama (saṃyama): Perfect restraint; a complete condition of balance, repose, concentration, meditation and samadhi
Sanatana Dharma (sanātana dharma): Faith of Eternal Values or popularly called Hinduism
Sankalpa (saṅkalpa): Desire
Sankhyan (sāṅkhya): One of six Hindu philosophies founded by Kapila
Samshaya (saṃśaya): Doubt
Santosha (saṃtoṣa): Contentment
Sanyasa (saṃnyāsa): Renunciation of social ties; last stage of Hindu life; Stage of spiritual meditation
Sanyasi (saṃnyāsī): Monk
Sharanagati (śaraṇāgati): Surrender
Sharira (śarīra): Body
Sarasvati (sarasvatī): Goddess of Learning who sits at the base of tongue
Shastra (śāstra): Manual of rules
Sruti (śruti): God-revealed statements or Vedas
Smriti (smṛti): Man-realized eternal principles with practical applications according to changing times
Sat (sat): Truth or Supreme Spirit
Satsanga (satsaṅga): Association with the wise
Sattva (sattva): Pure quality
Satya (satya): Truth
Savikalpa (savikalpa): Without doubt
Savikalpa-samadhi (savikalpa-samādhi): Samadhi with the triad of knower-knowledge-known
Shaucha (śauca): Cleanliness
Sidha (siddha): Sage
Siddhi (siddhi): Supernatural powers
Shishya (śiṣya): Pupil
Shivoham (śivoham): I am Shiva
Shloka (śloka): Verse of praise; usually containing 32 letters
Shodashi (ṣoḍaśī): Mother Nature conceived as 16-year-old maiden
Sneha (sneha): Adhesiveness or friendship
Smriti (smṛti): Memory
So’ham (so’ham): “He I am” used in pranayama
Sphota (sphoṭa): Manifestor
Sphuma (sphuṭa): Throbbing or breaking up
Shradha (śraddhā): Faith
Shri (śrī): Wealth; Lakshmi
Shrotra (śrotra): Ear
Shravana (śravaṇa): Hearing; first stage of self-development
Shubha (śubha): Blessed
Shudha (śuddha): Pure
Shudra (śūdra): Varna or caste of servant
Sthita prajna (sthita-prajña): Firm of wisdom
Sthula sharira (sthūla śarīra): Perishable body
Stuti (stuti): Praise
Sukshma sharira (sūkṣma śarīra): Subtle body capable of hearing
Shunya (śūnya): Empty
Sutra (sūtra): Short aphorisms about a topic
Sushumna (suṣumṇā): Main central nervous system channel of energy
Svadhisthana (svādhiṣṭhāna): Chakra above the organs of procreation
Svah (svah): Sky

Tamas (tamas): Ignorant or quality of darkness and indolence
Tanmatra (tanmātra): Atom
Tantra (tantra): Sadhana emphasizing on esoteric Upanishads
Tantrika (tāntrika): Worshipping of Divine Mother
Tapas (tapas): Austerity
Tapatraya (tāpatraya): Three sufferings of mortal existence (a) Adhyatmika: from one’s own body (b) Adhibhautika: from beings around him (c) Adhidevika: caused by devas
Tapaloka (tapoloka): Higher worlds
Tara (tārā): One form of Divine Mother
Tarka (tarka): Logic
Tattva (tattva): Element; essence
Tat-tvam-asi (tat tvam asi): That thou art
Tejas (tejas): Brilliance
Trigunamayi (triguṇamayī): Divine Mother who possesses three
Trpti (tṛpti): Satisfaction
Trshna (tṛṣṇā): Thirsting
Tulasi (tulasī): Holy basil plant sacred to Vishnu and venerated by Hindus
Tushti (tuṣṭi): Contentment
Tyaga (tyāga): Renunciation of ego and vasanas and the world

Udana (udāna): Vital air that fills thoracic cavity
Umadevi (umādevī): Consort of Shiva who imparted knowledge to Indra
Upadhi (upādhi): Superimposed thing giving a colored view of substance beneath it
Upanishads (upaniṣad): End philosophical portions of Vedas – together called Vedanta. 1179 Upanishads exist. 108 are considered authoritative. Of these, 10 are very important. (a) Upavedas: Subordinates to vedas – 4 in number (b) Ayur-veda for science of longevity found in Atharva veda (c) Dhanur-veda: for military science found in Yajur veda (d) Gandharva-veda: for science of music found in Sama veda (e) Stapathya-sastra: for science of mechanics found in Atharva veda

Vaada (vāda): Discussion
Vak (vāk): Speech
Vaanaprastha (vānaprastha): Third stage of life as forest dweller
Vaikutha (vaikuṇṭha): Abode of Lord Vishnu
Vairagya (vairāgya): Dispassion
Vaishnava (vaiṣṇava): Worshiper of Vishnu and his avatars
Vaishnavi (vaiṣṇavī): Power of Vishnu or Shakti or Energy
Varna (varṇa): Class or caste
Varuna (varuṇa): Divine Intelligence presiding over water
Vasana (vāsanā): Desire or inclination
Vayu (vāyu): Wind
Vasudeva (vāsudeva): Krishna
Vata (vāta): One of three bodily humors
Vedas (veda): Books of Knowledge or Hindu scriptures; four in number
Vedangas (vedāṅga): Six in number: (1) śikṣā or phonetics; (2) vyākaraṇa or grammar; (3) Nirukta or vedic glossary; (4) kalpa or religious rites; (5) Chandas or prosody; and (6) jyotiṣa or astronomy
Vedanta (vedānta): Philosophy of the Vedas located at the end of four vedas
Veda (veda): Books of knowledge or Hindu scriptures; four in number; Essence of vedas classified under six schools based on same teachings
Veda-Upangas (veda-upāṅga): Six in number; (1) nyāya by Gautama deals with Logic; (2) vaiśeṣika by Kaṇāda deals with theory of atoms and universe; (3) sāṅkhya by Kapila deals with Nature and Spirit; (4) yoga by Patañjali deals with mastery of the jiva; (5) mīmāṃsā by Jaimini deals with ritualism; (6) vedānta by Vyāsa deals with philosophy and theology
Vidya (vidyā): Knowledge of Brahman; there are two kinds of knowledge: Para-vidya and Apara-vidya, that assist in meditation and worship
Vighna (vighna): Obstacle
Vignesha (vighneśa): Ganesha
Vigyana (vijñāna): Pure Intelligence with knowledge of the Self
Vikalpa (vikalpa): Imagination or oscillating mind
Vikshepa (vikṣepa): Wavering thoughts obstructing concentration
Viniyoga (viniyoga): Application
Virat (virāṭ): Macrocosm as Form of Lord in Manifested Universe
Vishva (viśva): Cosmos
Vishuddha chakra (viśuddha cakra): Throat chakra
Viveka (viveka): Discrimination between Real and Unreal
Vrata (vrata): Resolution or vow
Vritti (vṛtti): Mental whirlpool
Vyana (vyāna): One of five physiological functions of prana
Vyasa (vyāsa): Sage who wrote the Brahma Sutras
Vyadhi (vyādhi): Sickness

Yagna (yajña): Rite
Yajur veda (yajur veda): Contains formulae for rituals and ceremonies
Yama (yama): Lord of death and dispenser of justice
Yatra (yātrā): Pilgrimage
Yuga (yuga): Cycle of Creation
Yoga (yoga): Union (between subject and object), or practice or mastery, or topic.
Yoga Sutra (yoga sūtra): Classical work written by Patañjali
Yoga-danda (yoga-daṇḍa): Wooden stick of 2ft with one end of U-shape; used for regulation of breath
Yogi (yogī): One who has erased his lower self and is identified with the Higher Self.
Yoga-maya (yoga-māyā): Power of divine illusion
Yoga-nidra (yoga-nidrā): Yogic sleep when individual retains slight awareness
Yogeshvara (yogeśvara): Lord of Yoga or Krishna
Yoni (yoni): Womb
Yuga (yuga): Divisions of Time. There are four yugas: Kali, Dvapara; Treta; Satya. All four together are known as Chatur-yuga (or one cycle, which is 1.2 million years ^{*different from 4.32 million years per Vedas, hence author is using a different model. Perhaps by Yukteswar in the book ‘Holy Science'}). (1) Kaliyuga is of 12,000 years; (2) Dvapara-yuga is twice as long; (3) Treta-yuga is thrice as long; and (4) Satyayuga is four times as long. ^{*Again, author is using a non-Veda model. Proper model on 4.32 million years.}

Sanskrit Glossary of Vedantic Terms

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