Summary:

Compound > Dvandva > Samahara

Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part One

This session deals with: CH16, pg 213.

Dvandva Compound > Samāhāra:

• When is samahara mostly used?  Mostly to make pairs of opposites.
  • In all other circumstances (except when making opposites) — use itaretara (last session).
• Always ends in SINGLE / NEUTER. Even if word is MAS/FEM… it'll still take NEUTER paradigm.
• Examples:
  1. Happiness and suffering: (sukham duḥkham ca  सुखं दुःखं च)
     • Itaretara: sukhaduḥkau  सुखदुःकौ
     • Samāhāra: sukhaduḥkam   सुखदुःकम्
  2. Of man and of son: (narasya putrasya ca)
     • Itaretara: naraputrayoḥ  नरपुत्रयोः
     • Samāhāra: naraputrasya  नरपुत्रस्य
  3. With Sītā and with army: (sītayā senayā ca)
     • Itaretara: sītāsenābhyām  सीतासेनाभ्याम्
     • Samāhāra: sītāsenena  सीतासेनेन 
       • Notice how FEM paradigm has taken on NEUTER.
       • Why specifically has it takes on phala paradigm?
         • Because phala ends in “a” and so does senā end in “a“.
         • If last word was nadī, then choose closest NEUTER paradigm that ends in ” ī  ई “. Since there isn't one, we resort to short ” i  इ ” on LRB5.
  4. From knowledge and from ignorance. (vidyāyāḥ avidyāyāḥ ca)
     • Itaretara: vidyāvidyābhyām  विद्याविद्याभ्याम्
     • Samāhāra: vidyāvidyāt   विद्याविद्यात् 
       • Notice how FEM paradigm has taken on NEUTER.

Homework:

• Create a half page story. Theme is: You and friend see something amusing.
  • Incorporate all forms used so far, seen in this sheet.
    

Questions:

You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. We'll respond within 48 hours. Only ask specific to this Lesson.

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Recorded 4 July, 2021