Lesson 58: Sanskrit for Beginners Course – Bahuvrihi
Summary:
CH21. Revision of compounds + last major compound: bahuvrihi.
Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part Two
Session deals with: Vol 2, PG51-54.
Compound Revision:
- Dvandva:
- All members important.
- 2 Types:
- Itaretara
- X & Y.
- EG: sītārāmau सीतारामौ : Sita and Rama.
- samāhāra
- Always single, neuter.
- EG: jīvitam kuśalarogena āgacchati जीवितम् कुशलरोगेन आगच्छति : Living comes with health & disease.
- Itaretara
- Tatpuruṣa:
- Case-tp
- Case + noun (OR) Pronoun + Noun. EG:
- Case + noun:
- rāmaputraḥ रामपुत्रः : Son of Rāma.
- dehaprāṇaḥ jīvitam tvām karoti : Prana in the body makes you alive.
- Pronoun + Noun:
- mad + manaḥ = manmanaḥ मन्मनः : My mind.
- Kd (karmadhāraya)
- Adj + noun (OR) Noun + noun.
- EG:
- tejascetaḥ तेजस्चेतः : Bright mind.
- śaraṇagṛham शरणगृहम् : Shelter house.
- tpu (Upapada):
- Last member = verb root + declined like nara/senā/phala.
- EG: tapas + √sthā = tapaḥsthaḥ/ā/m तपःस्थः
- Case-tp
Bahuvrīhi compound:
- Implied meaning.
- Compound = adj (describing something else).
- Last member MUST take same gender/case/number of NOUN outside it.
- What paradigm to use for last member?
- It's family paradigm. EG: LRB1,2,3 | LRB4,5,6 | LRB24,25. | etc…
- How to tell whether compound is (a) case-tp (b) kd (c) bv?
- EG: mahāgajaḥ(/rājā/etc) could be translated:
- Elephant of the great (case-tp)
- Great elephant (kd)
- One whose elephant is great / Having a great elephant (bv)
- (1) Context tells. (2) Instant indicator it's a bv: Last member won't end with it's own paradigm.
- EG: mahāgajaḥ(/rājā/etc) could be translated:
- Examples…
| mahāgajaḥnom putram apṛcchat महागजः पुत्रम् अपृच्छत् |
(Man/He/One whose elephant is great), asked [his] son. |
| mahāgajānom putrikām apṛcchat महागजा पुत्रिकाम् अपृच्छत् |
(Woman/She/One whose elephant is great), asked [her] daughter. |
| F: kauśalam iha sthitabuddhyā(fem LRB6) labhyate कौशलम् इह स्थितबुद्ध्या लभ्यते |
Skill in this world is obtained (by one having an established intellect). |
| M: kauśalam iha sthitabuddhinā(fem > mas LRB4) labhyate कौशलम् इह स्थितबुद्धिना लभ्यते |
Skill in this world is obtained (by one having an established intellect). |
| bahuprajaḥ (f > mas LRB1) bhāryāyai vanāt phalāni labhate बहुप्रजः भार्यायै वनात् फलानि लभते |
(Man with many children / Husband with many children), obtains fruits from the forest for [his] wife. |
| sundaramukhaḥ rājā putrikām vadati सुन्दरमुखः राजा पुत्रिकाम् वदति |
The king (whose face is beautiful) speaks to [his] daughter. |
| sajalā(n > fem LRB3) nadī samudre gacchati सजला नदी समुद्रे गच्छति |
River (with water)adj goes into the ocean. |
| sattvamanāḥ(n LRB25 > mas LRB24) ubhe kauśalam sukham ca labhate सत्त्वमनाः उभे कौशलम् सुखम् च लभते |
(He whose mind is pure) obtains both prosperity and happiness. |
| niścalamanobhiḥ निश्चलमनोभिः |
By those whose minds are unmoving. / By minds which are unmoving. |
| Rel-Corel Combination: | |
| (yasya prajñā sthitā) (sa sthitaprajñaḥ) (यस्य प्रज्ञा स्थिता) (स स्थितप्रज्ञः) |
Whose intellect is steady, he is steady-intellect. |
| (prajñā sthitā yasya) (sa sthitaprajñaḥ) (प्रज्ञा स्थिता यस्य) (स स्थितप्रज्ञः) |
He whose intellect is steady, is steady-intellect. |
| (viśvaḥ rūpaḥ yasya) (sa viśvarūpaḥ) (विश्वः रूपः यस्य) (स विश्वरूपः) |
He whose form is all, is all-form. |
Homework:
- Revise Spoken Sanksrit 21.
- Familiarize with vocab on PG55.
- Do exercises PG56, 5a-i.
- If finish early, construct 3 bahuvrīhi sentences using PG55 vocab + passive on PG37/38.
- EG: (One whose intelligence is great), is protected (from those whose thoughts are dark).
Questions:
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Recorded 9 Jan, 2022