Summary:

Finished theory of Lesson 4 in book (pg 34, 35).

Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part One

Resources:

• Textbook PDF file used in class. It is 3rd Ed. (Copyright: Book is by Thomas Egenes. To support his work, consider buying the book.)
• Template we used in class for conversation practice.

Highlights:

1. Sentence order? Subject^(nominative) object^(accusative) verb. (S.O.V)
   • naraḥ aśvam gacchati (The man goes to the horse).
2. The nominative and verb ALWAYS agree in number. EG:
   • naraḥ^(single) gacchati^(single)
     
   • narāḥ^(plural) gacchanti^(plural)
3. Rule of apposition: EG: ^{(L4, pg33 #2)}
   • “Rāma, the boy, goes to the horse.” Both Rāma and boy are nominative.
   • “The horse goes to Rāma, the king.” Both Rāma and king are accusative.
4. Rule of “vā” (or): ^{(L4, pg35)}
    
   • When two nominatives are connected by “vā”, then verb agrees^{(in number)} with the nominative closest to it. EG:
     • aśvaḥ gajāḥ vā gacchanti (The horse or the elephants are going.)
     • aśvau gajaḥ vā gacchati (The two horses or the elephant is going.)
5. Nominative + verb? Drop the “He/she/it”. EG:
   • gacchati (He/she/it goes.) | naraḥ gacchati (The man goes.)
   • vadati (He/she/it speaks.) | naraḥ vadati (The man speaks.)

Homework:

1. Memorize all words on Spoken Sanskrit pg 1-5. Here is pronunciation for latest words on page 5.
2. At least TWO verses should've been memorized by now: Practice, Ornaments, Here there, Blades of Grass
3. Memorize the “nara” paradigm for Nominative/Accusative. (pg 40)
4. Memorize all book words we've done so far. (pg 40)
5. Remember the “gaccha” paradigm forwards, backwards, diagonal. (pg 40)
6. Practice devanāgarī writing. Print and practice: 1, 2, 3, 4

Questions:

You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. We'll respond within 48 hours. Only ask specific to this Lesson.

—

Recorded 6 Sept, 2020